Family-name stories

Why study family names?

Few of us have chosen our own names; we have either inherited them or have been given them by others. It is natural to want to know why we are named the way we are and where our names come from. In Britain and Ireland, most personal names are ancient and have no obvious English sense, or their apparent sense is not true of their bearers. What do (or did) Edward, Alison, Simon, Robert, Gladys, Duane, Sykes, Hancock, Stoppard, Starbuck, Wetherspoon, Guinness or Patel mean, if anything? Why are people surnamed Cornish, Taylor, Fox, or Donaldson when they are none of these? How, why and where have nicknames been coined? Researching the answers reveals stories about ourselves and our ancestors, individually and communally, and offers unique insights into a wide range of contemporary and historical issues: family origins and social mobility; changes in culture, customs and religious belief; the impact of conquest by Anglo-Saxons, Normans and others; the linguistic diversity of Britain and Ireland; vanished words and meanings; long-lost occupations; patterns of economic migration; the assimilation of refugees. We study personal names, old and new, because they are windows into understanding our shared history and humanity.  You can read more about these topics in the family-name stories below.

Family-name stories

Attenborough

The family name Attenborough has become world-famous, but its origins lie in a small village in the Midlands, and like many family names it is still commonest near its original home.

"The fox carries a goose away in its mouth, and the goose says ‘queck’ (quack).

Fox

What might link the family names Fox, Gough, Todd and Redknap? If you’re foxed, you should probably read this family name story…

A walker on a hill top with clouds in the distance and a cairn to the right

Hamilton part 1: the origin of the family name

Scottish and Irish families including a line of dukes, over 200,000 Americans, towns in Scotland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, a football club, a racing driver, a musical – all these Hamiltons and more feature in the fascinating story of how this name travelled worldwide. Part 1 of the story begins with the origin of the family name.

Sir Alfred Hitchcock: photo by Ante Brkan, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Hitchcock

This family name story traces the history of the family name Hitchcock, which is best known today as the name of the film director Alfred (Joseph) Hitchcock (1899–1980).

Tom Jones performing

Jones, Tom

Tom Jones is the hero of Henry Fielding’s novel of the same name (later made into a film) and the adopted name of a famous Welsh singer. This story explores how these people got their names.

Wooden building with turning wheel shown

Mills & Boon part 1: Mills

Since the 1930s ‘Mills & Boon’ has been a byword for escapist romantic fiction. Part 1 of the Mills & Boon story explores the occupational connections of the family name Mills.

Map of East Anglia, with title "Boon: actual numbers" showing census registration districtsLondon, and many districts neighnouring teh N=rth Sea and the Wash are shaded deep red, mid-red or orange.

Mills & Boon part 2: Boon

This second part of the Mills & Boon story explores the origins of the family name Boon.

Manuscript illustration showing one person working bellows for a forge and another holding tongs and a raised hammer.

Smith and Smythe

This family name story explores the history of the most common family name in Britain, Smith, and some of its relations.

Sturgeon

This family name is well-known as that of the former leader of the Scottish Nationalist Party and First Minister of Scotland from 2014 to 2023, Nicola Sturgeon. This story discusses the origins of Sturgeon and other fishy family names.